With the aid of spatial lag model, the influence mechanism of spatial factors around public bicycle stations (PBS) is examined at the research scope of 500 m buffer zone of 363 PBS, based on the trip data from the public bicycle system in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. Factors are selected including the location of PBS, surrounding public transportation, riding infrastructure, built environment and self-correlation of adjacent stations. The research focus on the impact of different land use types where different people gather. It is found that PBS with more bus lines, more road area, longer branch road, more industrial, low-grade commercial, low-grade housing building area around has more usage at the peak time of the workdays, while PBS far away from metro station with longer of green road has less usage. The research also shows that there is a high spatial autocorrelation between different PBS. The conclusion suggests that the public bike station planning pay more attention to the surrounding environmental factors of PBS, take full account of commuting and other regular needs in the distribution and pricing of public bicycles to increase the supply in low-income population agglomeration areas combing with the characteristics of population distribution.